HYPERTROPHIC OSTEODYSTROPHY

[Please note: it's beginning to seem as though there may be two forms of HOD or, HOD-like diseases. The one cited in my article is the nutritional type. The next article, by Hazel Gregory, cites an infectious cause. The treatment is different for both kinds. All of what follows is anecdotal information and should be viewed as suCh. Because HOD is such a mystery to so many, including the veterinarians, it's likely that one of these 2 protocols will be efficacious.]

Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy

by Jill Swedlow

HOD stands for hypertrophic osteodystrophy. I'm no expert on this one as it's one of the few problems my dogs have not had to endure (knock on wood!!!!!). I don't believe that the cause is known. The symptoms are elevated fever, up to 106 sometimes, inflammation of the pastern joints (the joint above the foot in the front legs) usually accompanied by severe pain. The joints will feel hot to the touch and pressure will elicit a painful reaction. Some times the dogs will just lie there not moving. In less severe cases they'll move around but in great pain. Sometimes the pain is so intense they lie there and scream. Unfortunately this disease is often not properly diagnosed by vets as few have seen it. There isn't much known yet about treatment either.

I had a friend who's bitch had the lie-there-and-scream kind, and since there was little to lose, they used an injectable form of an analgesic called Banamine (a horse medication) which gave her immediate relief. Intravenous dosage of vitamin C and (I believe, but am not sure here) cortisone is often given. One thing many breeders say to do is immediately reduce the protein content of the food. Down to 17-18%. In mild cases this is often enough to take care of it. This is almost exclusively a problem that affects puppies between the ages of 4-7 months of age.

Here are the symptoms.

(1) Elevated temperature. If over 103, treat like HOD at least until you get to the vet for an x-ray.
(2) Pastern joints are hot to touch and painful to pressure.
(3) Dog does not want to get up and move or moves with obvious discomfort.

If you even SUSPECT HOD do the following:

(1) Immediately give 2000 mg of vitamin C orally.

(2) Go to the vet and insist that x-rays be taken of the legs. This is the only way to diagnose HOD.

(3) Give IV Banamine. (Deduce dosage by the dosage given for horses, usually by 1000 lbs.) If Banamine is not available, give butazolidin. Give IV vitamin C if possible. Give IV cortisone.

(4) The dog should be put on a wide spectrum antibiotic to prevent secondary infection. It is these infections that cause death in HOD. Mainly pneumonia because the dog only lies around. If you're puppy DOES just lie around, make sure he is moved from side to side periodically during the day if he's not doing this himself.

(5) Reduce protein in diet to 21% or lower.

(6) Continue vitamin C orally at the rate of 2000 mg am & pm.

If caught early (first sign of lethargy and fever) and treated as above, recovery time should only be 2-3 days. However this does not mean your puppy is out of the woods. Relapse, up to 21 days post HOD, is still possible. Keep the puppy quiet (indoor play only) and don't stress him in any way. This means no shows, no car rides (except to vet), no nothing until the 21 day period is over. After that, all being well, he may resume life as normal.

Since HOD only occurs during the fastest growth phase, it seems reasonable to assume that this is somehow linked to fast growth. Another reason to KEEP DIETARY PROTEIN LOW!!!!! The best cure is prevention:

(1) Keep pup on low protein until at least 1 year of age, 24% or lower.

(2) Give oral vitamin C daily, 500-1000 mg am & pm.

(3) DO NOT, REPEAT DO NOT!!!, supplement food with anything that will throw the balance of the food off. Especially, increasing calcium, vitamin D, or phosphorous. This means no added yogurt (except perhaps a tablespoon), no eggs, no cottage cheese or dairy products. No Calcium/D/phosphorous supplement tablets. If you MUST add other foods to the kibble (I admit, I am one who does) make it NO MORE than 15% of the total kibble.